Which factors are included in CHA2DS2-VASc scoring?

The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a clinical tool used to assess the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, and it includes a specific set of factors. The correct choice identifies a combination of congestive heart failure (CHF), hypertension (HTN), age, and diabetes as elements of the scoring system. Each of these factors is significant in evaluating a patient's risk:

• Congestive heart failure contributes to the risk due to the compromised heart function leading to turbulent blood flow and increased chances of thrombus formation.

• Hypertension is a well-known risk factor for stroke, as elevated blood pressure can lead to vascular damage and increased risk of thromboembolic events.

• Age is a critical determinant, with older patients typically having a higher risk of stroke.

• Diabetes mellitus is associated with various vascular complications and increases the likelihood of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Together, these factors create a comprehensive assessment of a patient’s risk for stroke, making the option that includes CHF, HTN, age, and diabetes the most accurate representation of the CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system.